Train-lighting system.



190 799,519, PATENTBD SEPT 12, 1905. W. L. BLISS TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, 1004. RENEWED JULY 17.1905.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIoE.

IVILLIAM L. BLISS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO BLISS ELECTRIC OARLIGHTING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORA- TION OFVVISOONSIN.

TRAIN-LIGHTING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 12, 1905.

Application filed July 20,1904. Renewed July 17, 1905. Serial No.270,170.

To (1,, whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, IVILLIAML. BLIss, a citi- Zen of the UnitedStates,residing at New York, in the county of Kings and State of NewYork, have invented new and useful Improvements in Train-LightingSystems, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming apart of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in systems of electricaldistribution, it. being especially adapted for lighting a train of cars.

In the lighting of cars by electricity a system has been employedwherein a generator 7 driven by the motion of the car and a storagebattery charged by said generator serve as the sources from whichcurrent is furnished for operating lamps and other translating deviceswithin the car. When the generator is in certain stages of operation, itsupplies current for both charging the storage battery and operating thetranslating devices, and when it is inoperative, due to the car stoppingor running at'a low speed, the translating devices are operated bycurrent from the battery. The generator being driven by the motion ofthe car, it is subjected to wide variations in speed, but the tendencyof its voltage to vary to the same extent as its speed is counteractedby varying its field strength inversely as its speed varies through theagency of a suitable automatic regulator. In the lighting of cars with asystem of this character it has been the practice to provide each carwith a complete lighting system, whereby each car becomes a unit so faras the lighting is concerned, thus necessitating equipping each car witha generator, a storage battery, translating devices, and an automaticregulating mechanism.

The present invention has for its object to provide a system wherein asingle generator deriving its power from the motion of the trainfurnishesthe current for all of the cars or units in the train or atleast a plurality of said cars or units. As the current which will benecessary for the generator to deliver depends upon the number of carsor units in the train, the generator must be capable of varying itsoutput when the demands for current vary, for otherwise when cars orunits are added to the train suificient current would not be availablefor all the cars in the train, and when cars or units are taken from thetrain the current would be excessive for the cars or units which remain.Accordingly in the system of train-lighting of the present inventionthere is provided a regulator which, while regulating the generator toconfine the voltage developed thereby within certain and safe limits,notwithstanding the excessive variations in the speed thereof, does notinterfere with the ability of the generator to vary its output whenchanges are made in the number of cars or units in the train which areto be supplied with current, thus making it possible to have the traincomposed of any number of cars or units and still have suflicientcurrent for all of the cars.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a train-lightingsystem in which the generator will deliver to the battery constantcurrent while it operates at constant speed, so that the charging of thebattery will be independent of the current consumed by the translatingdevices.

In accordance with the present invention in its preferred form agenerator which derives the power for operating the same from the motionof the train furnishes the current for operating the lamps and othertranslating devices within the cars or units of the train, a suitableautomatic regulator being provided to regulate said generator to confinethe voltage developed thereby within certain limits without interferingwith the ability of said generator to vary its output when the demandsfor current vary.

In the preferred form of the present invention the regulator for thegenerator is in the form of a counter-electromotive-force device, whichis adapted to create a counter electromotive force which will oppose thecurrent which tends to flow through the field-magnet of the generator,due to the generator voltage, and reduce the strength of theenergizing-current in the field as the speed of the train increases. Inthis manner the voltage developed by the generator is confined withinprearranged limits regardless of changes in the speed of the generator.

A system which will serve to illustrate the principal features of thepresent invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing; but whileone embodiment of the invention has been selected for the purpose ofillustration it will be understood that the invention may be embodied invarious other ways.

The system of train-lighting illustrated in the drawing is provided witha generator arranged upon one of the units of the train as, forinstance,the tendero'f the locomotive and having an armature 1 and a field 2,said armature being geared to an axle or in any other way arranged so asto derive its motion from the motion of the train. From this generatorcurrent is delivered to the supply or generator circuit having mains 3and 4:.

The distribution of the current throughout the train is preferablyeffected through the agency of a train-line suitably connected betweenthe cars or units of the train and comprising conductors 5, 6, and 7 oneof said conductors 6, which serves as an end feeder, being connected atthe rear of the train with the conductor 5 through the jumper 8. Thetrainline receives current from the supply-circuit, the conductors 6 and7 of the train-line being connected with the supply-mains 3 and 4, anddistributes it from the conductors 5 and 7 into the cars. As the currentin reaching each car through the train-line must be transmitted the samedistance, equal voltages are impressed upon each car.

In further describing the preferred embodiment of the present inventionreference will be made to one car only, as the equipment in each ear ispreferably-the same. From the conductors o and 7 of the train-lineextend car-mains 9 and 10, which supply current to the storage battery11 and the translating devices 12-such as lamps, fan-motors, and otherelectrical appliances-said translating devices preferably beingconnected in the translatingcircuit 13 13, which may be controlled by aswitch 14L. The car-circuit is preferably controlled by an automaticswitch, which may consist of stationary contacts 15 15 and a movablecontact 16, carried by a plunger 17, said plunger being operated by asolenoid 18 of line wire connected in a shunt between the supply-mains 9and 10. When the automatic switch is closed, a solenoid 19 of coarsewire connected in series with the switch-contacts assists theshunt-solenoid in effecting closer engagement between theswitch-contacts for increasing current flowing through the switch fromthe generator. The automatic switch is closed by the shunt-solenoid whenthe generator in starting develops a certain voltage, and then, theswitch being closed, the series solenoid 19 becomes energized. As longas the genthen as the two solenoids oppose each other, due to thereversal of the polarity of the series solenoid, the switch opens andstops the discharge of the battery through the generator.

The generator is preferably regulated to confine the voltage developedthereby within safe limits irrespective of its variations in speed by acounter-electromotive-force device having an armature 20 and a field orcontrolling magnet 21, said armature preferably being driven in startingby a shunt-wound motor having an armature 22 and a field 23. Thearmature of the counter-electromotivc-force device is preferablyconnected in series with the shunt-field 2 of the generator, while thefield or controlling magnet thereof is preferably connected in thebattery-circuit in series with the battery. The connection of thearmature 20 of the counter-electromotive-force device with the field 2of the generator is preferably efiected through the conducting-frame ofthe car and the track 24. The motor is preferably connected between thesupply-main 3 and the battery-circuit, said motor being connected withthe battery-circuit at a point between the battery and thecontrolling-magnet 21, so as to place said motor and magnet in series,and thus produce a certain effect which shall be hereinafter explained.

When the generator delivers current to the battery, the field orcontrolling magnet 21 of the counterelectromotiveforce device becomesexcited, and then the armature 20 thereof, which runs at substantiallyconstant speed, creates a counter electromotive force in thefield-circuit of the generator in opposition to the current which tendsto How through the generator-field due to the generator voltage. Whenvariations in the voltage developed by the generator occur, the currentflowing through the battery-circuit varies, and hence the strength ofthe field or controlling magnet of the counter-electromotive-forcedevice varies. As this results in variations in the counterelectromotive force introduced into the field-circuit of the generatorto oppose the current tending to flow through the generator-field, theenergizing-current for the generator-field varies. Thus the fieldstrength of the generator varies in almost exact accordance with thevariations in the speed of the generator, and as the field strength ofthe generator varies in approximately inverse proportion to variationsin the speed of the generator the voltage developed by the generatorremains within certain and safe limits, notwithstanding the extent towhich the speed of the generator may rise.

The armatures of the counter-electromotiveforce devices upon the severalcars being in parallel with each other, the combined voltage of all thesaid counter-electromotive-force devices will be substantially the sameas the individual voltages of said devices, and hence IIO the voltage ofany number of said devices will be the same as that of any other numberof said devices, whether it be greater or less. Thus the effect ofcombining or grouping the voltages of the counter-electromotive-forcedevices upon the field of the generator will be the same as the effectof the individual voltage of one of said devices, as the internalresistance of the armatures of said counterelectromotive-force devicesis low as compared with the generator-field, and consequently saidcounter-electromotive-force devices will act in unison in controllingthe generator and will not interfere with the action of each other.Although it is usually preferable to have a regulator upon each car, itis not necessary to have more than one regulator in a train to properlyregulate the generator.

As each counter eleetromotive force has the field or controlling magnetsthereof connected in the battery branch of the local circuit upon thecar therewith, the counter-electro motive-force devices will regulatethe generator to confine thevoltage developed thereby within prearrangedlimits without interfering with the ability of the generator to vary theoutputthereof upon variations in the demands for current. Consequentlywhen the demand for current by the translating devices increases theoutput of the generator will increase, so that the current received bythe batteries will remain substantially unaffected that is, assumingthat the total output of the generator for the two cars indicated in thedrawing is seventy amperes, thirty-five amperes for each car, and thatthe translating devices in each car are consuming twenty amperes, thusleaving fifteen amperes for the battery, then if the current consumed bythe translating devices should increase to thirty-five amperes, thetotal output of the generator would increase to one hundred amperes, sothat instead of thirty-five amperes fifty amperes would be supplied toeach car, thirty-five amperes for the translatingdevices and fifteenamperes for the battery. Moreover, when cars are added to the train theoutput of the generator will increase, and when cars are taken from thetrain the output of the generator will decreasethat is, assuming thatthe train is composed of five cars and that the generator output is twohundred and fifty amperes, fifty amperes for each car, then if a car beadded to the train the output of the generator would increase to threehundred amperes, and if a car be taken from the train the output of thegenerator would decrease to two hundred amperes. Hence it is possible tohave the train composed of any number of cars and still have thegenerator output suitable for the entire train.

An advantage which arises from having the charging of the batteryindependent of the current consumed by the translating devices is thatwhere the train runs upon a certain schedule it is possible to insuresufficient current being delivered by the generator to the battery tocompensate for all the demands which may be made upon the battery by thetranslating devices, and thus prevent the bat tery from becomingdepleted during the trips of the train.

Continuing with the description of the lighting system in one of thecars, the counterelectromotive-force device is preferably provided witha second armature 25,which is connected in the translating-circuit 13 13and driven by the same motor in starting and excited by the same fieldas the armature 20. When the field or controlling magnet 21 is excited,a counter eleetromotive force is introduced into the translating-circuitby the armature 25 to oppose the voltage impressed upon said circuit bythe generator, said counter eleetromotive force being in proportion tothe current flowing through said magnet. As said counter eleetromotiveforce increases in proportion to the rise in the eleetromotive force atthe terminals of the battery when the battery is being charged, italways equals the excess eleetromotive force which is necessary tocharge the battery. As a result of this the voltage impressed upon thetranslating devices remains constant irrespective of the rise in voltageat the terminals of the battery coincident with the charging of thebattery and independent of the number of translating devices inoperation.

After the motor serves the purpose of startin gthecounter-electromotive-force device and the counter-electromotive forcedevice becomes operative the motor is then relieved of its load, as theelectrical energy received or absorbed by said device from thetranslating-circuit and also from the field-circuit of the generatortends to operate said device. At this stage in the operation of saiddevice and said motor the motor becomes a generator, while thecounter-electromotive-force device becomes a motor, and under suchconditions a large portion of the energy consumed in operating saiddevice is restored to the system by the motor which acts as a generatorand is operated by said device.

The counter-electromotiveforce device is preferably rendered inoperativewhen the automatic switch is open through the agency of ashort-circuiting switch, which may consist of a segmental socket havingsegments 26, 27, and 28 and a plug 29, adapted to sit within said socketand connect said segments, said plug being mounted upon the plunger 17of the automatic switch. The segment 26 is connected, through conductor30, with one side of the field or controlling magnet 21, while thesegment 27 is connected with one side of the armature 25 by theconductor 31, the segment 28 being connected with the opposite side ofsaid magnet and said armature through conductor 32 and car-main 9. Theshort-circuiting switch is closed when the automatic switch is open, andthen the counter-electromotiveforce device is rendered inoperative, thefield or controlling magnet 21 and the armature 25 thereof beingcompletely short-circuited. Under these conditions the circuit from thebattery is completed through the translating-circuit from one terminalof the battery through switch 14, conductor 13, translating devices 12,conductors 13 and 31, segment 27, plug 29, segment 26, and conductor 30to the other terminal of the battery. When the automatic switch isclosed, the short-circuiting switch is open, and then thecounter-electromotiveforce device is operative.

WVhen the battery is furnishing a part of the current for operating thetranslating devices and the generator is also operative, the automaticswitch being closed and the shortcircuiting switch open, current fromthe battery tends to flow through the field or controlling magnet 21 ofthe counter-electromotive-force device and excite said magnet with suchpolarity that the countcr-electromotiveforce device tends to become adirect-electromotive-force device and increase the current flowingthrough the field-circuit of the generator and also through thetranslating-circuit. At the same time, however, current fromthegenerator flowing through the motor also tends to flow through saidmagnet in the opposite direction to the current from the battery. Asthese currents cannot flow through the same path in opposite directionssimultaneously, the result is that only the excess of one current overthe other will flow through the magnet, and in the event of saidcurrents being equally balanced the magnet will be absolutely inert. Thecurrent which the generator tends to send through the magnet will dependupon the load on the motor, and consequently the more heavily thecounter-e1cctromotive-force device becomes loaded in its effort tocreate a direct electromotive force the greater will be the currentwhich the generator will tend to send through the field or controllingmagnet. As the load upon the motor will be proportional to the currentwhich the battery sends through the armature 25, when the current fromthe battery tends to increase an equivalent increase will occur in thecurrent from the generator, and hence the equilibrium between theopposing currents will remain substantially undisturbed. Sincesubstantially no current will flow through the field or controllingmagnet when the generator and battery are tending to send currenttherethrough in opposite directions, the magnet will be substantiallyinert, and consequently the counter-electromotive-force device will beinoperative, even though the armatures thereof are being driven by themotor. During the existence of these conditions current from the batterywill flow from the positive terminal of the battery through the switch14, conductor 13, translating devices 12, conductor 13, armature 25,car-main 9, supply-main 4, armature 1, supply-main 3, conductors 6 and 5of the trainline, car-main 10, and the motor to the negative terminal ofthe battery, and also current from the generator will flow from thepositive terminal of the generator through supply-main 3, conductors 6and 5 of the trainline, car-main 10, motor-armature 22 and field 23, thebattery 11, switch 14, conductor 13, translating devices 12, conductor13, armature 25, car-main 9, and supply-main 4 to the negative terminalof the generator. Thus the current from the generator and the currentfrom the storage battery flow in series through the same circuit, andalthough the field or controlling magnet forms a conducting-path fromone side of this circuit to the other current is excluded from flowingacross the same, due to the opposing current having approximatelyeliminated the difference in potential at the terminals of the magnet.

In the operation of the system if the train is at rest and it is desiredto light the lamps the switch 14 may be closed to complete thetranslating-circuit, and then current will flow from the battery throughthe lamps. If the .train is in motion, the generator will develop avoltage which will be impressed upon the supply-mains 3 and 4 andthrough the trainline to the car-mains 9 and 10, and then if the trainis running at sufiicient speed the generator will supply the currentnecessary to operate the translating devices, and the battery will ceasedischarging.

Assuming that when the train runs at about twenty miles per hour thegenerator runs at five hundred revolutions per minute and develops sixtyfour volts. Then when the train runs at about sixty miles per hour thegenerator would run at about fifteen hundred revolutions per minute, andthen if all other conditions remained the same it would develop aboutone hundred and ninety-two volts; but when it operates at the latterspeed the field thereof is weakened by the counter-electromotive-forcedevice to such an extent that the voltage remains within safe limits. Itis sufiicient to have the generator develop eighty volts at the maximumspeed of the train, as

this would be approximately two and one-- half volts per cell, which isample to force the full charging-current through the battery, providedthe battery contains thirty-two cells having a normal voltage ofsixty-four volts. Accordingly the generator is preferably regulated bythe counter-electromotive-force device to allow a variation in thevoltage developed by the generator from about sixtyfour to eighty volts,while the speed of the generator varies from about five hundredrevolutions per minute at a train speed of twenty miles per hour tofifteen hundred revolutions per minute at a train speed of about sixtymiles per hour.

Upon starting the train the automatic switch closes when the generatordevelops, for instance, sixty-four volts and completes the circuit fromthe generator through supply-main 3, conductors 6 and of the train-line,carmain 1(), switch-contacts 16 15, thence through switch 14, conductor13, translating I devices 12, conductor 13, armature 25, and

also battery 11 and controlling-magnet 21 and back to the generator bycar-main 9, conductor 7, and supply-main 1. While the voltage developedby the generator and that of the storage battery remain substantiallyequal, the generator and the battery will cooperate in supplying currentto the translating devices. hen the generator develops more thansixty-four volts, which is the normal battery voltage, current will besupplied to the storage battery as well as to the translating devices.The rise in the generator voltage coincident with charging thebatteries, however, does not affect the voltage impressed upon thelamps, as the counter-e1ectromotiveforce device serves to maintainconstant voltage upon the translating devices.

It is manifest that many changes may be made in the system illustratedin this application for the purpose of explaining the invention whichwill not in any way depart from the invention as it is defined in theclaims of this specification.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and an automatic regulatoroperatively connected in circuit with said generator to confine thevoltage developed thereby within prearranged limits without interferingwith the ability of the generator to vary the output thereof accordingto the demands for current, said regulator being located upon adilferent'unit of the train from said generator.

2. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and an automatic regulator carriedupon each of said plurality of units of the train and operativelyconnected in circuit with said generator to confine the voltagedeveloped thereby within prearranged limits without interfering with theability of the generator to vary the output thereof according to thedemands for current.

3. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel witheachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and an automatic regulator carriedupon each of said plurality of units of the train and operativelyconnected in circuit with said generator to confine the voltagedeveloped thereby within prearranged limits without interfering with theability of the generator to vary the output thereof according to demandsfor current, said regulators being connected in circuit in parallel witheach other.

4. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon a unit of the train, a storage battery andtranslating devices connected to said local circuit in parallel witheach other, an automatic regulator regulating said generator and havingan electromagnet controlling the operation thereof, said electromagnetbeing connected in the battery branch of said local circuit, and anotherlocal circuit having a battery and translating devices connected theretoand located upon another unit of the train, said local circuits beingconnected to the generator in parallel with each other.

5. In a train-lighting system, in combination,a generator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train, saidgenerator being provided with a regulating-circuit, a local circuitlocated upon a unit of the train, a storage battery and translatingdevices connected to said local circuit, a dy namo-electric machineautomatically regulating said generator to confine the output thereofwithin prearranged limits, the armature of said dynamo-electric machinebeing connected in said regulating-circuit and the field thereof beingconnected in the battery branch of said local circuit, and another localcircuit having a battery and translating devices connected thereto andlocated upon another unit of the train, said local circuits beingconnected to said generator in parallel with each other.

6. In a train-lighting system, in combination, agenerator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train and having aregulating-circuit, a local circuit located upon a unit of the train, astorage battery and translating devices connected to said local circuitin parallel with each other, a dy namo-electric machine having anarmature connected in said regulating-circuit to introduce a counterelectromotive force therein IIO and a lield connected in thebatterybranch of said local circuit, and another local circuit having a storagebattery and translating devices connected thereto and located uponanother unit of the train, said local circuits being connected to saidgenerator in parallel with each other.

7. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and an automatic regulator carriedupon each of said plurality of units of the train and regulating saidgenerator to confine the output thereof within prearranged limits, eachregulator being provided with an electromagnet controlling the operationthereof and connected in the battery branch of the local circuit uponthe unit of the train therewith.

8. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected in parallel with each other, a storagebattery and translating devices connected to each local circuit inparallel With each other, and an automatic regulator carried upon eachof said plurality of units of the train and regulating said generator toconfine the output thereof within prearranged limits, each regulatorbeing provided with an electromagnet controlling the operation thereofand connected in the battery branch of thelocal circuit upon the unit ofthe train therewith, said regulators being connected in circuit inparallel with each other.

9. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receiving thepower for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and a dynamo-electric machinecarried upon each of said plurality of units of the train and regulatingsaid generator to confine the output thereof within prearranged limits,each dynamo-electric machinehaving the field thereof connected in thebattery branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith.

10. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for oper ating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and a dynamo-electric machinecarried upon each of said plurality of units of the train and regulatingsaid generator to conline the output thereof within prearranged limits,each d ,vnamo-clectric machine having the lield thereof connected in thebattery branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith, the armatures of said dynamo-electric machine being connectedin parallel with each other.

11. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon a unit of the train, a storage battery andtranslating devices connected to said local circuit in parallel witheach other, an automatic"regulator regulating said generator and havingan electromagnet controlling the operation thereof, said magnet beingconnected in the battery branch of said local circuit, and another localcircuit having a battery and translating devices connected thereto inparallel with each other and located upon another unit of the train,said local circuits being connected to the generator in parallel witheach other, and means rendering said regulator inoperative when thebatteries discharge current.

12. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, astorage battery and translating devices connected to each local circuitin parallel with each other, an automatic regulator carried upon eachunit of the train and regulating said generator, each regulator beingprovided with an electromagnet controlling the operation thereof andconnected in the battery branch of the local circuit upon the unit ofthe train therewith, and means rendering said regulators inoperativewhen the batteries discharge current.

13. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train, saidgenerator being provided with a regulating-circuit, a local circuitlocated upon a unit of the train, a storage battery and translatingdevices connected to said local circuit, a dynamo-electric machineautomatically regulating said generator, said dynamo-electric machinebeing provided with an armature connectedin said regulating-circuitandafield connected in the battery branch of said local circuit, anotherlocal circuit having a battery and translating devices connected theretoand located upon another unit of the train, said local circuits beingconnected to said generator in parallel with each other, and meansrendering said d ynamo-electric machines inoperative when the batteriesdischarge current.

14:. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train, saidgenerator being provided with a regulating-circuit, a local circuitlocated upon each of a plurality of units of the train, said localcircuits being connected to said generator in parallel with each other,a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, a dynamo-electric machine carriedupon each of said plurality of units of the train, and automaticallyregulating said generator, each dynamo-electric machine having the fieldthereof connected in the battery branch of the local circuit upon theunit of the train therewith, the armatures of said dynamo-electricmachines being connected in said regulatingcircuit in parallel with eachother, and means rendering said dynamo-electric machines inoperativewhen the batteries discharge current. v

15. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator,-a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and means regulating the output ofsaid generator, and a regulator carried upon each of said plurality ofunits of the train and regulating the voltage impressed upon saidtranslating devices, each regulator being provided with an electromagnetcontrolling the operation thereof and connected in the battery branch ofthe local circuit upon the unit of the train therewith.

16. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, a regulator carried upon each ofsaid plurality of units of the train and regulating the voltageimpressed upon said translating devices, each regulator being providedwith an electromagnet controlling the operation thereof and connected inthe battery branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith, and means rendering said regulators inoperative when thebatteries discharge current.

17. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator, a localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and a dynamo-electric machinecarried by each of said plurality of units of the train and regulatingthe voltage impressed upon said translating devices, eachdynamo-electric machine having the field thereof connected in thebattery branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith.

18. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator, at localcircuit located upon each of a plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said generator in parallel with eachother, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit in parallel with each other, and a dynamo-electric machinecarried by each of said plurality of units of the train and regulatingthe voltage impressed upon said translating devices, eachdynamo-electric machine having the field thereof connected in thebattery connected in the translating branch of the local circuit uponthe unit of the train therewith to introduce a counter electromotiveforce therein to regulate the voltage impressed upon the translatingdevices, each dynamo-electric machine having the field thereof connectedin the battery branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith.

20. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train and havinga regulating-circuit, a local circuit located upon each of a pluralityof units of the train, said local circuits being connected to saidgenerator in parallel with each other, a storage battery and translatingdevices connected to each local circuit in parallel with each other, anda dynamo-electric machine carried upon each of said plurality of unitsof the train and regulating the generator to confine the output thereofwithin prearranged limits, and also regulating the voltage impressedupon the translating devices upon the unit of the train therewith, eachdynamo-electric machine having the field thereof connected in thebattery branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith.

21. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train and havinga regulating-circuit, a train-circuit receiving current from saidgenerator, a local circuit located upon each of aplurality of units ofthe train, said local circuits being connected to said train-circuit inparallel with each other, a storage battery and translating devicesconnected to each local circuit in parallel with each other, and adynamo-electric machine having an armature connected in saidregulating-circuit to introduce a counter electromo tive force thereinto regulate the generator and another armature connected in thetranslating branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith to introduce a counter electromotive force therein to regulatethe voltage impressed upon the translating devices, each dynamo-electricmachine having the field thereof connected in the battery branch of thelocal circuit upon the unit of the train therewith.

22. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train, atrain-circuit extending through a plurality of units of the train, alocal circuit located upon each of said plurality of units of the train,said local circuits being connected to said train-circuit in parallelwith each other, a storage battery and translating devices connected toeach local circuit in parallel with each other, and a regulator carriedupon each of said plurality of units of the train and operativelyconnected in circuit with said generator to confine the output thereofwithin prearranged limits, each regulator being provided with anelectromagnet controlling the operation thereof and connected in thebattery branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith, said regulators being connected in circuit in parallel witheach other, and another regulator carried upon each of said plurality ofunits of the train and regulating the voltage impressed upon saidtranslating devices, each latter regulator being provided with a magnetcontrolling the operation thereof and connected in the battery branch ofthe local circuit upon the unit of the train therewith.

23. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train, atrain-circuit extending through a plurality of units of the train, alocal circuit located upon each of said plurality of units of the train,said local circuits being connected to said train-circuit in parallelwith each other, a storage battery and translating devices connected toeach local circuit in parallel with each other and a regulator carriedupon each of said plurality of units of the train and operativelyconnected in circuit with said generator to confine the output thereofwithin prearranged limits, each regulator being pro vided with anelectron'iagnet controlling the operation thereof and connected in thebattery branch of the local circuit upon the unit of the traintherewith, said regulators being connected in circuit in parallel witheach other, and another regulator carried upon each of said plurality ofunits of the train,

and regulating the voltage impressed upon said translating devices, eachlatter rcgulatm' being provided with a magnet controlling the operationthereof and connected in the battery branch of the local circuit uponthe unit of the train therewith, and means rendering said regulatorsinoperative when the batteries discharge current.

24. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train and havinga regulating-circuit, a train-circuit extending through a plurality ofunits of the train and receiving current from said generator, a localcircuit located upon each of said plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said train-circuit in parallel witheach other, a storage battery and translating devices connected to eachlocal circuit in parallel with each other, a dynamoeleetric machinecarried by each of said plurality of units of the train and having thefield thereof connected in the battery branch of the local circuit uponthe unit of the train therewith, said dynamo-electric machine having thearmatures thereof connected in said regulating-circuit in parallel witheach other to regulate the generator, another dynamoelectric machinecarried by each of said plurality of units of the train and having thefield thereof connected in the battery branch of the local circuit uponthe unit of the train therewith, each latter dynamo-electric machinehaving the armature thereof connected in the translating branch of thelocal circuit upon the unit of the train therewith to regulate thevoltage impressed upon said translating devices.

25. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator receivingthe power for operating the same from the motion of the train and havinga regulating-circuit, a train-circuit extending through a plurality ofunits of the train and receiving current from said generator, a localcircuit located upon each of said plurality of units of the train, saidlocal circuits being connected to said train-circuit in parallel witheach other, a storage battery and translating devices connected to eachlocal circuit in parallel with each other, a dynamoelectric machinecarried by each of said plurality of units of the train and having thefield thereof connected in the battery branch of the local circuit uponthe unit of the train therewith, said dynamo-electric machines havingthe armatures thereof connected in said regulating-circuit in parallelwith each other to regulate the generator, another dynamo-electricmachine carried by each of said plurality of units of the train andhaving the field thereof connected in the battery branch of the localcircuit upon the unit of the train therewith, each latterdynamo-electric ma chine having the armature thereof connected InWitness whereof I have hereunto subin the translating branch of thelocal clrcuit scribed my name in the presence of two Witupon the unit ofthe tram therewith to regunesses.

late the voltage impressed upon said translat- \VILL'IAM L. BLISS. 5 ingdevices, and means rendering said dy- WVitnesses:

namo-electric machines inoperative When the EDWIN B. H. TOWER, J12,

batteries discharge current. J. N. ROBERTSON.

